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AHL
From partsregistry.org
Full name: [N-]acyl-homoserine lactones
These are small signalling molecules which are employed in "quorum sensing" systems.
They are also known as autoinducers (AIs) and are present in many Gram-negative bacteria.
"Although the target genes regulated by AIs are extremely varied, the basic mechanism of AIs biosynthesis and gene regulation seems to be conserved in different bacteria. The general feature of gene regulation by AIs is cell-density dependence, also known as "quorum sensing".
At low cell densities, the AIs are at low concentrations, and, at high cell densities, the AIs can accumulate to a concentration sufficient for activation of related regulatory genes. Because the concentration of AHL's is a key factor in determining virulence gene expression in several pathogenic bacteria, it is possible to develop a strategy for disease control by controlling production of AIs or eliminating AIs produced by pathogenic bacteria."[1]
Acyl-HSL's in different species
"In recent years, AIs have been identified in several Gram-negative bacteria. AIs are involved in the regulation of a range of biological functions, including Ti plasmid conjugal transfer in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, induction of virulence genes in Erwinia carotovora, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Erwinia stewartii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas solanacearum, and Xenorhabdus nematophilus, regulation of antibiotic production in Pseudomonas aureofaciens and E. carotovora, regulation of swarming motility in Serratia liquefaciens, and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. aeruginosa. Many more bacterial species are known to produce AIs, but the relevant biological functions have not yet been established."[1]
| Full Name | Molecule abbreviation | Species | Notes | Source | Images (from Sigma Aldrich) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Butanoyl-homoserine lactone | C4HSL | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Sigma Aldrich (#09945) | 
| |
| N-(3-oxododecanoyl) homoserine lactone (Reference) | 3OC12HSL | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Las system signaling molecule Part:BBa_C0078 | Cayman Chemicals (#10007895) | 
|
| 3-oxohexanoyl-homoserine lactone | 3OC6HSL | V. fischeri | Lux system signaling molecule | Sigma Aldrich (#K3007) | 
|
| Hexanoyl-homoserine lactone | C6HSL | C. violaceum | Very similar to 3OC6HSL | Sigma Aldrich (#09926) | 
|
| Heptanoyl-homoserine lactone | C7HSL | E. psidii R. IBSBF 435T | Sigma Aldrich (#10939) | 
| |
| Octanoyl-homoserine lactone | C8HSL | B. cepacia, V. fischeri | Sigma Aldrich (#10940) | 
| |
| 3-oxoctanoyl-homoserine lactone | 3OC8HSL | A. tumefaciens | Sigma Aldrich (#O1764) | 
| |
| Decanoyl-homoserine lactone | C10HSL | B. pseudomallei | Sigma Aldrich (#17248) | 
| |
| Dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone | C12HSL | Synthetic | Sigma Aldrich (#17247) | 
| |
| Tetradecanoyl-homoserine lactone | C14HSL | Synthetic | Sigma Aldrich (#10937) | 
|
Related Pages
- Featured Parts:Cell-Cell-Signaling - A listing of parts relating to the Lux operon's signalling system
References
- Dong YH, Xu JL, Li XZ, and Zhang LH. AiiA, an enzyme that inactivates the acylhomoserine lactone quorum-sensing signal and attenuates the virulence of Erwinia carotovora. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000 Mar 28; 97(7) 3526-31. doi:10.1073/pnas.060023897 pmid:10716724.
- Engebrecht J and Silverman M. Identification of genes and gene products necessary for bacterial bioluminescence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1984 Jul; 81(13) 4154-8. pmid:6377310.
- Collins CH, Arnold FH, and Leadbetter JR. Directed evolution of Vibrio fischeri LuxR for increased sensitivity to a broad spectrum of acyl-homoserine lactones. Mol Microbiol 2005 Feb; 55(3) 712-23. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04437.x pmid:15660998.
